Preparation of many culinary delights across the globe involve deep frying. Crispy and golden seem to be the preferred attributes of foods by many. However, during the process, undesirable chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerisation occur.

Palm oil is the key ingredient in hazelnut spread because it gives smooth creamy texture.

Serves as emollient that provides soothing and moisturizing effects on skin.

Several studies including O’Brien (2009) and Ghotra et al. (2002) have found that fat is important in bakery products as it provides tenderness and improves overall texture, mouthfeel, heat transfer, extension of shelf life, lubrication, and structural integrity. This is supported by Zhou et al. (2011), where they found that…

Prepared by: Nursabrina Binti Mohd Hayat @ Ahmad

Palm Oil in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Oleochemicals refer to chemicals, derived from oils and fats, which have been broken down into their constituent fatty acids and glycerol. These products can be further modified to produce various types of oleo-derivatives.

Very likely to use substitutes that contribute to higher land and environmental impact compared to certified sustainable palm oil.

Prepared by: Sarafhana

Prepared by: Areej Taufik